control chart for attributes and variables

Wow, those are pretty basic questions and it is apparent you know very little.  So, here are some simple answers.
1.  Control charts for attributes monitor attribute data and Control charts for variables monitor variable data.  Now do a little study on your own and find out what attribute data is and what variable data is.
2.  If you knew what a p chart and c chart were you would have your answer.  The type of data determines whether you use a p or c chart or even an np or u chart.  Advantages and disadvantages are not really relevent.
3.  All industries measuring processes over time can make use of all the control charts.
I would suggest you do a little Google work on control charts to get the basics.  You can pick up a good quality book if you want to know a bit more.  The best are written by Montgomery or Wheeler.

This is a good article about control charts
http://www.sixsigmafirst.com/controlcharts1.htm
Hope that this will help.

Darth is correct.  Advantages is not relevant.  Perhaps the only “disadvantage” is that you need to ensure that your data follows the assumptions of each of the associated distributions.  If not, use an XmR chart.  Although less sensitive, it does not assume a particular distribution (there are many fallacies around this, largely propagated by authors such as Montgomery).