DOE to study yield of an experiment
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k.bhadrayya.
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January 31, 2004 at 2:48 am #34428
Hi
I’m trying to plan an experiment with threee 2-levels factors and one 3-levels factor. The response is yield. In order to get the yield during each run, the sample size have to be determined. This experiment has previously not been done before and variation (sigma) of the process is not known. Can anyone advise on how to determine the sample size needed for such a study. Thanks.0January 31, 2004 at 5:48 am #94898
indreshParticipant@indreshInclude @indresh in your post and this person will
be notified via email.Sample Size Calculators
Two Sample t-test
two-sided
Delta
Sigma
Alpha
Beta
sample size0.4
1
5.0%
1.0%
230delta : Enter the size of the change you wish to reliably detect
Sigma : Enter the standard deviation of the process
Alpha : Enter the 2-sided Alpha error rate. This is the percentage of samples whose means are the same that will be incorrectly detected as having different means. If doing a one-sided test, enter the error rate *2.
Beta : Enter the Beta error rate. This is the percentage of samples whose means are different by more than Delta and that will fail to be recognized as different.
Sample Size : This is the number of samples from each group that are needed to attain the previous levels of performance in Alpha and Beta
On an excel sheet enter the above mentioned in columns. in sample size column the formula to be entered is : =ROUND((NORMSINV(1-E6/2)+NORMSINV(1-F6))^2*D6^2/C6^2*2+0.49,0)
E6 is column where you have entered alpha and f6 where you have entered beta
see if this suffice
rgds,
indresh
you can calculate the sample size required0January 31, 2004 at 7:28 pm #94906
Robert ButlerParticipant@rbutlerInclude @rbutler in your post and this person will
be notified via email.Since you haven’t been very specific concerning your definition of yield I’ll assume you are talking about trying to identify an optimum combination of processing conditions and raw material levels that will maximize a final product output and minimize waste.
Sample size calculations are based on the size of the difference you wish to detect and the expected variability of the process. If either one of these are missing you are wasting your time trying to compute a sample size.
If the following assumptions are met
1. You have adequate control over your process so that you can actually vary your raw material and process variables as planned.
2. You are interested in big changes in percent conversion.
3. You know how to set up a design and can enforce the randomization of the experimental runs.
then the best way to both get an estimate of existing process variation and gain an understanding of changes in percent yield caused by changing your process and raw materials is to do the following:
1. Set up the design
2. Pick a couple of points (if you have genuine center points choose those) for replication.
3. Run the randomized design and the replicate points once.
4. Analyze the results – use standard regression methods to gain an understanding of those variables impacting mean shift and use the Box-Meyers method to gain an understanding of those variables impacting yield variance.
Run this way you will quickly learn several things:
1. If the variables of interest do matter and if the measured variance of the system isn’t too large you will detect significant trends. The information gleaned from your efforts can be quickly tested to see if the trends are real and if changes in the direction indicated do, in fact improve yield.
2. If there are no significant effects you may want to confirm a run or two and if they do confirm you will have to ask additional questions:
a. How big is the residual variation?
b. Use this estimate of variance to compute the minimum change in yield you could see if the variables of interest really had an impact on your process.
1. If the variance in b does allow for the detection of “reasonable” changes in your percent yield and if the residual analysis indicates that nothing is amiss with the final models then there is a high probability that the variables and/or the ranges of the variables you chose really don’t impact yield.
2. If the variance in b doesn’t allow for the detection of “reasonable” changes then you need to stop and think very hard about identifying and eliminating the variation in your process that is masking your ability to detect the changes you wish to see.
A final thought – you need to remember that samples as thought of in sample size calculations are independent samples. This means that if you want to take two samples from a given experimental condition you will need to set up and run that condition twice. Two samples, separated in time, taken from the same run are not independent. If you attempt to treat them as such you will go wrong with great assurance. There are methods to handle measurements made this way – the techniques are called repeat measure analysis – but they require a lot of skill and statistical understanding for proper use.0February 2, 2004 at 8:41 am #94929
Michael SchlueterParticipant@Michael-SchlueterInclude @Michael-Schlueter in your post and this person will
be notified via email.Marcus,
Try finding a better characteristic than yield, if you can. This will help you to obtain information from your experiment, which you can reuse.
Yield is useful to monitor a process, but not good to use for optimization. If you think about it, yield is very unspecific. You can measure a yield for a given process, but you can’t conclude which process it is from just looking at the yield. Try reflecting your specific process specifically, instead.
Best regards, Michael Schlueter0February 10, 2004 at 1:37 am #95250Thanks all for your valuable advise.
0February 12, 2004 at 2:41 pm #95375
k.bhadrayyaParticipant@k.bhadrayyaInclude @k.bhadrayya in your post and this person will
be notified via email.It is not clear what exactly you meant by yield. In a chemical process the out put of the satge is represented as yield based on the chemical equation. Is it this type of yield you are asking for. Where as in the six sigma methodology , the through put is measured in terms of yield. Out of the two which one you are planning and what is the present and expected one if it is a chemical process yield of a stage.
k.bhadrayya
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