Design of Experiments (DOE)

Case Study: Using DFSS and DOE to Increase Product Reliability

A medical devices company, developing technology to enable smaller medical devices, launched a substrate development effort as part of a larger-scale technology and product development effort. The substrate development effort involved predicting the stress caused by the laser welding process to ensure product reliability. In this Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) case study, design and…

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When and How to Use Plackett-Burman Experimental Design

Manikandan Jayakumar

Plackett-Burman experimental design is used to identify the most important factors early in the experimentation phase when complete knowledge about the system is usually unavailable. Developed in 1946 by statisticians Robin L. Plackett and J.P. Burman, it is an efficient screening method to identify the active factors using as few experimental runs as possible. In…

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Design of Experiments to Optimize Any Process or Product [VIDEO] – With Mark Kiemele

Michael Cyger

As the saying goes, if all you have is a hammer in your toolbox, everything looks like a nail. But if you had a torque wrench or a power drill with a box of bits, you are likely to be much more effective. Design of experiments (DOE) is one of those specialized and sophisticated tools…

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Optimize Attribute Responses Using Design of Experiments

Manikandan Jayakumar

The objective of a design of experiments (DOE) is to optimize the value of a response variable by changing the values, referred to as levels, of the factors that affect the response. Although often a response is continuous in nature, there are some cases in which the response falls in the attribute category (e.g., pass/fail,…

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Design of Experiments – A Primer

K. Sundararajan

Design of experiments (DOE) is a systematic method to determine the relationship between factors affecting a process and the output of that process. In other words, it is used to find cause-and-effect relationships. This information is needed to manage process inputs in order to optimize the output. An understanding of DOE first requires knowledge of…

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Reducing Variability with DOE – A Case Study on Propagation of Error (POE)

Mark J. Anderson

The Therabath paraffin therapy bath (pictured below) is a durable medical device that holds one gallon of molten paraffin wax. Sufferers of osteoarthritis use it for physical therapy. They dip their hands repeatedly in the heated bath, which helps loosen stiff joints. The wax then slowly solidifies as a glove, producing further therapeutic benefits via…

Three Romeos and a Juliet – An Early Brush with DOE

Ravindra Khare

Three young men, each being infatuated with the same woman, agree to conduct a design of experiment (DOE) of love. Statistics and romance intertwine in this entertaining and educational real-life story. Which bachelor will end up with the young lady’s hand? Will the DOE prove successful? Peeping into my youthful past, I recall three close…

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Most Practical DOE Explained (with Template)

Kim Niles

For purposes of learning, using, or teaching design of experiments (DOE), one can argue that an eight run array is the most practical and universally applicable array that can be chosen. There are several forms of and names given to the various types of these eight run arrays (e.g., 2^3 Full Factorial, Taguchi L8, 2^4-1…

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Design of Experiments for Software Testing

Madhav S. Phadke

When DOE (design of experiments) is used for software testing, there is a large amount of savings in testing time and cost. Various users in automotive, telecommunication and defense industries report big productivity improvements to their traditional testing methods. This success is due to two major important factors: 1) focused attention on the usage of…

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Save Time With Fractional Factorial DOEs

Shree Phadnis

Design of experiments (DOE) is a key tool in the Six Sigma methodology. DOEs help improve processes in a quantum fashion, and is an approach for effectively and efficiently exploring the cause and effect relationship between numerous process variables (Xs) and the output or process performance variable (Y). DOE helps in the following ways: The…

Reducing Variability With DOE

Mark J. Anderson

Six Sigma is the new rallying cry for quality improvement in the process industry. For example, Dow aims to generate an extra $1.5 billion per year in profits after training 50,000 of their employees on the methods of Six Sigma.3 Statistical tools play a key role in achieving savings of this magnitude. In fact, sigma…

Design of Experiments/Conjoint Analysis in Marketing

Alastair Muir

The application of Six Sigma to marketing should be the most obvious use in the world. Where else does there exist such a direct connection between the wants and needs of the customer and the products or services a company offers? However, at first glance, there would seem to be very little hard reliable data…

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Designing and Analyzing Experiments with Mixtures

Liem Ferryanto

In the development phase of Design for Six Sigma (DFSS), practitioners who work in domains such as medical devices, pharmaceuticals, foods, material composition and semiconductors frequently deal with experiments to determine optimal ingredient mixtures for desired products. The factors in a mixture experiment are the ingredients or components of a mixture, and the response is…

DOE in Software Testing: The Potential and the Risks

David L. Hallowell

Testing software is hard work. Many aspects of software systems are difficult or impossible to observe and measure directly. That makes finding defects, characterizing performance and estimating reliability the toughest parts of the development process. While there are no silver bullets (and no “lead bullets” either, as per Dr. Barry Boehm, noted software engineering professor…

Give Trainees DOE Experience with Simulated Experiments

Michael Ohler

Design of experiments (DOE) is an important tool for driving improvement, but experimentation can be an expensive endeavor. Through simulations, new Belts can get hands-on training while learning the challenges of DOE before they apply it to costly real-world experiments.

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Analyzing Experiments with Ordered Categorical Data

Liem Ferryanto

Six Sigma projects in various industries often deal with experiments whose outcomes are not continuous variable data, but ordered categorical data. Analysis of variables (ANOVA) is a technique used to analyze continuous experimental data, but is not adequate for analyzing categorical experimental outcomes. Fortunately, many other methods have been developed to deal with categorical experiments,…

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Role for Design of Experiments in Financial Operations

Kimberly Watson-Hemphill

Most Master Black Belts would probably cite design of experiments (DOE) as the most underused statistical tool in financial services. Yet, designed experiments are a favorite tool of statisticians and Six Sigma practitioners working in general business environments because they are an extremely efficient way of identifying what matters in a process and what does…

DOE for Services: Right Training Makes It a Valuable Tool

Christopher G. Connors

When it comes to mastering design of experiments, there can be a steep learning curve. Through a DOE simulation, trainees can get firsthand experience applying DOE concepts, learning how to set up the experimental design and how to interpret its results.

Teaching DOE Using Toy Motorcycles

Ray Balisnomo

For its Design for Six Sigma training course, one company sought a new, engaging way to teach DOE that was also budget friendly and provided consistent results. Solution: A toy motorcycle.

DOE: The Power Tool of the Analyze and Improve Phases

Dr. Russell A. Boyles

Each step of the DMAIC methodology brings a distinct set of tools to bear on the project objective. For the Analyze and Improve phases, design of experiments (DOE), combined with analysis of variance, is the Six Sigma power tool.

Importance of Test Plans/Test Protocol (with a Template)